Mechanical Properties of Materials
Elasticity Moduli
Young’s Modulus (E)
Where
is axial stress is axial strain
Shear Modulus (G)
Where
is shear stress is angular deformation
Compressibility Modulus (K)
Tensile Strength
Yield Strength (
The maximum stress that a material can withstand without plastic deformation.
Tensile Strength (
The maximum stress that a material can withstand before failing.
Hardness
Mohs Scale
Classification of mineral hardness, from 1 to 10
Brinell Hardness (HB)
Where:
is the applied load is the diameter of the steel ball is the indentation left
Thermal Properties of Materials
Thermal Conductivity
Where
is the heat flow is thermal conductivity is the temperature gradient
Heat Capacity at Constant Pressure (
Where
Heat Capacity at Constant Volume (
Linear Expansion Coefficient (
Electrical Properties of Materials
Ohm’s Law
Where
Resistivity (
Where
Capacitance of a Parallel Plate Capacitor
Where
Optical Properties of Materials
Refractive Index
Snell’s Law
Where:
and are the refractive indices of the two media and are the angles of incidence and refraction
Absorption and Transmittance
Beer-Lambert Law
Where
is the transmitted intensity is the incident intensity is the absorption coefficient is the distance traveled by the light
Magnetic Properties of Materials
Magnetization (
Where
Magnetic Permeability (
Where
is the permeability of free space is the magnetic susceptibility of the material
Chemical Properties of Materials
Activation Energy (Ea)
The minimum energy required for a chemical reaction to occur.
Chemical Equilibrium
Equilibrium Constant (K)
Where