Linux Commands - Process and Job Control

Run application in current folder

Runs a program located in the current directory.

./application

Run command

Executes a command in the terminal.

command

Start process in background

Runs a command in the background, allowing you to continue using the terminal.

command &

Cancel command

Stops the execution of a running command.

Ctrl + C

Send command to background

Suspends a foreground command and sends it to the background.

Ctrl + Z

Retrieve process sent to background

Resumes a background process in the terminal.

bg

Bring job to foreground

Moves a specific job from the background to the foreground.

fg jobID

Start command as root

Executes a command with superuser privileges.

sudo command

Start executable with graphical interface as root

Runs a graphical application with superuser privileges.

sudo executable

Multiple session manager in terminal

Allows managing multiple sessions in the terminal.

screen -S session_name

Stop a screen session

Allows you to disconnect a screen session without ending it.

Ctrl + A, D

Show background processes with jobID and PID

Displays background processes and their identifiers.

jobs -l

Show processes

Lists all running processes on the system.

ps

Show active processes

Displays all active processes with detailed information.

ps -eafw

Show system process tree

Visually represents the process hierarchy.

pstree

Show processes ordered by memory usage

Lists processes sorted by memory usage.

ps aux | sort -k 5

Show detailed information of a specific process

Displays details about a particular process using its PID.

ps -p PID -o pid,comm,%cpu,%mem,etime

Monitor processes in real time

Displays active processes in real time.

top

Check the status of a process

Checks the status of a specific process (Running, Stopped, etc.).

ps -o stat= -p PID

Change the priority of a process

Modifies the priority of a running process.

renice -n new_priority -p PID

Send signal to a process

Sends a specific signal to a process to control it.

kill -s SIGNAL PID

Terminate process to reload configuration

Sends a signal for a process to reload its configuration.

kill -1 Process_ID

Forcefully terminate process by PID

Ends a process forcefully using its ID.

kill -9 PID

Terminate process by name

Closes all processes that match a specific name.

killall -9 name

Remove all processes of a specific user

Closes all processes of a given user.

kill -u username

Set a temporary alias for command

Creates an alias that lasts only for the current session.

alias cmd='command'

Remove alias

Deletes a previously defined alias.

unalias cmd

Set a permanent alias

Adds an alias to your .bashrc or .bash_profile file to make it available in every session.

echo "alias cmd='command'" >> ~/.bashrc
source ~/.bashrc

Search for a process by name

Locates a specific process by its name.

pgrep process_name

Show resource usage of a specific process

Displays the resource usage (CPU, memory) of a particular process.

pmap PID