Linux Commands - File and Directory Operations

Go to root directory

cd

Go to previous directory

cd ..

Enter directory (absolute path)

cd /directory1/directory

Enter directory (relative path)

cd directory1/directory2

Go to user directory

cd ~

Go to last visited directory

cd -

Show current path

pwd

Show files and directories

ls

Show files and directories with details

ls -l

Show files and directories, including hidden ones

ls -a

Show files and directories sorted by modification date

ls -lt

Show files and directories in list format, including sizes

ls -lh

Rename or move a file or directory

mv source destination

Copy a file

cp file destination

Copy a directory

cp -r source destination

Delete the file named file

rm file

Delete directory if it is empty

rm -d directory

Delete directory and its contents

rm -r directory

Create new directory

mkdir directory

Create multiple directories simultaneously

mkdir directory1 directory2

Create directory path

mkdir -p /directory1/directory2

Create empty file

touch file

Change file date (format year, month, day, and hour)

touch -t 19901230000 file

Create a symbolic link to the file or directory

ln -s file link1

Create a hard link to the file or directory

ln file link1

View details about a symbolic link

ls -l link1