In JavaScript, the Math library is a built-in object in the language itself, which provides a wide range of mathematical functions.
This library is not an object created from a constructor, but a global object used to perform common and advanced mathematical calculations.
Let’s see its methods and how we can use them 👇
Constants in Math
| Property | Description |
|---|---|
Math.E | The base of the natural logarithm (approximately 2.718) |
Math.PI | The value of π (approximately 3.14159) |
Math.SQRT2 | The square root of 2 (approximately 1.414) |
Math.SQRT1_2 | The square root of 1/2 (approximately 0.707) |
Math.LN2 | The natural logarithm of 2 (approximately 0.693) |
Math.LN10 | The natural logarithm of 10 (approximately 2.303) |
Math.LOG2E | The base 2 logarithm of E (approximately 1.442) |
Math.LOG10E | The base 10 logarithm of E (approximately 0.434) |
The constant Math.PI represents the value of π (pi), which is approximately 3.14159. It is used for calculations involving circles and spheres.
console.log(Math.PI); // 3.141592653589793
The constant Math.E represents the base of natural logarithms, approximately 2.71828. It is essential in calculations related to logarithms and exponential growth.
console.log(Math.E); // 2.718281828459045
These constants represent useful values for advanced calculations and handling extreme values:
Math.SQRT2: The square root of 2.Math.SQRT1_2: The square root of 1/2.
These constants provide common logarithmic values:
Math.LN2: The natural logarithm of 2.Math.LN10: The natural logarithm of 10.Math.LOG2E: The base 2 logarithm ofe.Math.LOG10E: The base 10 logarithm ofe.
console.log(Math.LN2); // 0.6931471805599453
console.log(Math.LOG10E); // 0.4342944819032518
Methods of the Math Object
Rounding Methods
| Method | Description |
|---|---|
Math.round() | Rounds the number to the nearest integer. |
Math.floor() | Rounds the number down to the nearest integer. |
Math.ceil() | Rounds the number up to the nearest integer. |
Math.trunc() | Removes the decimal part of the number, returning only the integer part. |
The Math.round() method rounds a number to the nearest integer. If the number is halfway between two integers, it rounds to the integer closer to positive.
console.log(Math.round(4.7)); // 5
console.log(Math.round(4.4)); // 4
The Math.ceil() method rounds a number up to the nearest integer.
console.log(Math.ceil(4.1)); // 5
console.log(Math.ceil(-4.1)); // -4
The Math.floor() method rounds a number down to the nearest integer.
console.log(Math.floor(4.9)); // 4
console.log(Math.floor(-4.9)); // -5
Mathematical Operations Methods
| Method | Description |
|---|---|
Math.sqrt() | Returns the square root of a number |
Math.pow() | Returns the base raised to the exponent |
Math.abs() | Returns the absolute value of the number |
Math.cbrt() | Returns the cube root of a number |
Math.max() | Returns the largest number |
Math.min() | Returns the smallest number |
The Math.sqrt() method returns the square root of a number. If the number is negative, it returns NaN.
console.log(Math.sqrt(16)); // 4
console.log(Math.sqrt(25)); // 5
The Math.pow() method returns the base raised to the power of the provided exponent.
console.log(Math.pow(2, 3)); // 8
console.log(Math.pow(5, 2)); // 25
The Math.abs() method returns the absolute value of a number, i.e., its value without sign.
console.log(Math.abs(-5)); // 5
console.log(Math.abs(5)); // 5
Generation Methods
| Method | Description |
|---|---|
Math.random() | Returns a pseudo-random number |
The Math.random() method returns a pseudo-random number between 0 (inclusive) and 1 (exclusive).
console.log(Math.random()); // Example: 0.7321357898475432
console.log(Math.random()); // Example: 0.2498305234657335
Trigonometry Methods
| Method | Description |
|---|---|
Math.sin() | Returns the sine of an angle |
Math.cos() | Returns the cosine of an angle |
Math.tan() | Returns the tangent of an angle |
Math.asin() | Returns the arcsine of a number |
Math.acos() | Returns the arccosine of a number |
Math.atan() | Returns the arctangent of a number |
Math.atan2() | Returns the arctangent of the coordinates |
The methods Math.sin(), Math.cos(), Math.tan() return the sine, cosine, and tangent of a given angle in radians.
console.log(Math.sin(Math.PI / 2)); // 1
console.log(Math.cos(Math.PI)); // -1
console.log(Math.tan(Math.PI / 4)); // 1
The methods Math.asin(), Math.acos(), Math.atan() return the arcsine, arccosine, and arctangent of a number, resulting in an angle in radians.
console.log(Math.asin(1)); // 1.5707963267948966 (PI/2)
console.log(Math.acos(-1)); // 3.141592653589793 (PI)
console.log(Math.atan(1)); // 0.7853981633974483 (PI/4)
Logarithm Methods
| Method | Description |
|---|---|
Math.log() | Returns the natural logarithm (base e) of a number |
Math.log10() | Returns the base 10 logarithm of a number |
Math.log2() | Returns the base 2 logarithm of a number |
Math.exp() | Returns e raised to the power of a number |
Math.exp()
The Math.exp() method returns the value of e raised to the power of the given number.
console.log(Math.exp(1)); // 2.718281828459045
console.log(Math.exp(2)); // 7.3890560989306495
Math.log()
The Math.log() method returns the natural logarithm of a number.
console.log(Math.log(Math.E)); // 1
console.log(Math.log(10)); // 2.302585092994046
Sign and Comparison Methods
| Method | Description |
|---|---|
Math.sign() | Returns the sign of a number: 1 for positive, -1 for negative, and 0 for zero. |
