Math Library Methods in JavaScript

In JavaScript, the Math library is a built-in object in the language itself, which provides a wide range of mathematical functions.

This library is not an object created from a constructor but a global object used to perform common and advanced mathematical calculations.

Let’s take a look at its methods and how we can use them 👇

Properties of the Math Object

Math.PI

The constant Math.PI represents the value of π (pi), which is approximately 3.14159. It is used for calculations involving circles and spheres.

console.log(Math.PI); // 3.141592653589793

Math.E

The constant Math.E represents the base of natural logarithms, approximately 2.71828. It is essential in calculations related to logarithms and exponential growth.

console.log(Math.E); // 2.718281828459045

Math.LN2, Math.LN10, Math.LOG2E, Math.LOG10E

These constants provide common logarithmic values:

• Math.LN2: The natural logarithm of 2.
• Math.LN10: The natural logarithm of 10.
• Math.LOG2E: The base 2 logarithm of e.
• Math.LOG10E: The base 10 logarithm of e.

console.log(Math.LN2); // 0.6931471805599453
console.log(Math.LOG10E); // 0.4342944819032518

Math.SQRT2, Math.SQRT1_2

These constants represent useful values for advanced calculations and handling extreme values:

• Math.SQRT2: The square root of 2.
• Math.SQRT1_2: The square root of 1/2.

Methods of the Math Object

Rounding Methods

Math.round()

The Math.round() method rounds a number to the nearest integer. If the number is halfway between two integers, it rounds towards the nearest positive integer.

console.log(Math.round(4.7)); // 5
console.log(Math.round(4.4)); // 4

Math.ceil()

The Math.ceil() method rounds a number up to the nearest integer.

console.log(Math.ceil(4.1)); // 5
console.log(Math.ceil(-4.1)); // -4

Math.floor()

The Math.floor() method rounds a number down to the nearest integer.

console.log(Math.floor(4.9)); // 4
console.log(Math.floor(-4.9)); // -5

Mathematical Operation Methods

Math.sqrt()

The Math.sqrt() method returns the square root of a number. If the number is negative, it returns NaN.

console.log(Math.sqrt(16)); // 4
console.log(Math.sqrt(25)); // 5

Math.pow()

The Math.pow() method returns the base raised to the power of the given exponent.

console.log(Math.pow(2, 3)); // 8
console.log(Math.pow(5, 2)); // 25

Math.abs()

The Math.abs() method returns the absolute value of a number, that is, its unsigned value.

console.log(Math.abs(-5)); // 5
console.log(Math.abs(5)); // 5

Generation Methods

Math.random()

The Math.random() method returns a pseudo-random number between 0 (inclusive) and 1 (exclusive).

console.log(Math.random()); // Example: 0.7321357898475432
console.log(Math.random()); // Example: 0.2498305234657335

Trigonometric Methods

Math.sin(), Math.cos(), Math.tan()

These methods return the sine, cosine, and tangent of a given angle in radians.

console.log(Math.sin(Math.PI / 2)); // 1
console.log(Math.cos(Math.PI)); // -1
console.log(Math.tan(Math.PI / 4)); // 1

Math.asin(), Math.acos(), Math.atan()

These methods return the arcsine, arccosine, and arctangent of a number, resulting in an angle in radians.

console.log(Math.asin(1)); // 1.5707963267948966 (PI/2)
console.log(Math.acos(-1)); // 3.141592653589793 (PI)
console.log(Math.atan(1)); // 0.7853981633974483 (PI/4)

Logarithm Methods

Math.exp()

The Math.exp() method returns the value of e raised to the power of the given number.

console.log(Math.exp(1)); // 2.718281828459045
console.log(Math.exp(2)); // 7.3890560989306495

Math.log()

The Math.log() method returns the natural logarithm of a number.

console.log(Math.log(Math.E)); // 1
console.log(Math.log(10)); // 2.302585092994046

Sign and Comparison Methods